100 Gut Inflammation: Fanning non-Specific Flames That Impact Health and Performance

Abstract Inflammation emanating from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) is a key component to suboptimal farm animal productivity. Gut inflammation encompasses more than just acidosis and widespread condition in high producing feedlot or dairy cows which commonly associated with feeding grain (starch) ration. Many of direct causes are related microbial fermentation rumen hindgut, both directly indirectly. However, many impacts on production “silent” health perspective, not limited single compartment tract. Gastrointestinal often linked tight junction dysfunction accompanied by gross morphological changes that reduce intestinal barrier function, allowing for luminal contents microbes infiltrate into portal systemic blood (leaky gut). Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) an endotoxin found gram negative bacteria potent antigen, can cause responses including inflammation. Leukocyte antigen recognition initiates metabolic switch oxidative phosphorylation aerobic glycolysis thus immune system becomes obligate glucose utilizer. The reprioritization hierarchy trafficking reduces availability support milk muscle synthesis. GIT hyperpermeability ipso facto stimulation hypophagia unique endocrine footprint characterized hyperinsulinemia hyperglucagonemia. Preventing leaky gut should be nutritionists primary objective multiple strategies considered. use probiotics, organic acids, phytochemicals offer potential alternatives antimicrobials (ATA) alter population reduce: 1) activity leads development conditions leading dysfunction, 2) endproducts epithelial tissues, 3) immunostimulation due LPS reaching host.